What are the worst food allergies for dogs
The Best Foods for Dogs With Allergies
Humans arent the only ones with allergiesour dogs can get them, too. Canine allergies can lead to numerous skin conditions that can be frustrating to manage. These allergies can be due to environmental causes or from the food our dogs eat.
Key Takeaways
- Dogs can be allergic to foods like beef, chicken, lamb, wheat, soy, eggs, corn, and nuts.
- Allergy tests for dogs are not reliable.
- The only proven way to tell what your dog is allergic to is to change their protein source or perform an elimination diet trial.
The most common symptoms of dog food allergies include:
Redness of the skin of the inner ears
Itchiness of the ears (chronic scratching of the ears or shaking of the head)
Ear hematomas
Chronic thickening of the ears
Chronic ear infections
Redness and itchiness of the feet or in between toes (foot chewing)
Chronic pododermatitis
Patchy hair loss along the neck and trunk
Chronic skin infections (with bacteria or yeast) that never seem to clear up
Skin issues are the most common dog food allergy symptoms. These are mostly seen as an allergic reaction to the proteins absorbed in food.
The reaction leads to the release of immune cells, which can cause weakening of the bonds between the skin cells, resulting in a weakening of the skin barrier. This change in the skin barrier leads to redness and itchiness, and it makes the skin more susceptible to infection with normal bacteria and yeast.
The most affected areas are the ears, paws, around the eyes, and sometimes the trunk (torso) and limbs.
What Are Common Dog Food Allergens?
The most common proteins dogs are allergic to are beef, chicken, lamb, and wheat. Other less common causes of dog food allergies include soy, eggs, corn, and nuts.
Dogs cannot be tested for food allergies like people can, as the available testing is unreliable. The only proven way to tell what your dog is allergic to is to change their protein source or perform an elimination diet trial.
During an elimination diet trial, you eliminate all proteins your dog has been exposed to for two to three months. This gives the body enough time to completely eliminate the old protein sources and heal from the chronic allergy stimulation.
How To Help a Dog With Food Allergies
An elimination diet trial withhydrolyzed foodis the best way to treat and diagnose a dog food allergy. Its easiest to start with a prescription diet, such asHills z/dorRoyal Canin Hydrolyzed Protein. Theseveterinary dietshave proteins that are too small to be recognized by the immune system.
An elimination diet trial takes approximately two to three months to complete. This time is necessary for the old proteins to leave the dogs system. Additionally, the dog must be on the diet long enough to see a difference from the previous food.
The most common mistake pet parents make is not waiting long enough before calling it quits on the diet trial. Changing what your dog is eating for just a week or two will not give you complete results, so taking the proper amount of time to test food and treats is crucial.
Another common mistake: feed a dog anything other than the elimination diet. During a diet trial, pets cannot have any table scraps or treats (unless the elimination diet has a compatible treat option).
Changing what your dog is eating for just a week or two will not give you complete results, so taking the proper amount of time to test food and treats is crucial.
If the symptoms do not resolve after two or three months on the hydrolyzed elimination diet trial, your dog most likely has some type of environmental allergen. Or something else is causing the problem, such as an autoimmune condition.
If you get a good response from the trial, try to feed your dog a new protein source, such as venison, fish, or kangaroo. If they are going to react to these proteins, you should notice a mild reaction starting within two weeks. If their allergy symptoms return, stop the new protein source and go back to the hydrolyzed food.
Try adding one protein at a time every two to four weeks. If your dog reacts, stop and keep things steady for another two weeks before trying a different protein.
Contact your veterinarian before starting any diet trial to get a prescription for a hydrolyzed diet. Its also important to see your veterinarian to make sure your pet doesnt have any concurrent infections, which can be common because of the disturbed skin barrier caused by the allergic reaction. Infections can look the same as dog food allergy symptoms, so you must make sure to clear all infections during the food elimination trial.
During the trial, remember:
Make sure the prescription treats and food are all that you are feeding your pet. You cant feed human food or regular pet treats with a food trial, as it can introduce the allergens youre trying to eliminate.
Alwaysintroduce a dog to a new diet slowlyto avoid stomach upset or diarrhea.
The Best Dog Food for Allergies
Hydrolyzed Dog Foods
Hydrolyzed foods are the best dog food for allergies because the proteins are broken down into pieces that are so small the body cant recognize them. Some of these foods include:
Novel Protein Foods
Novel protein diets include proteins that your dog has not been introduced to before, such as duck, fish, venison, and kangaroo. Some examples of novel protein diets are:
Foods for Puppies With Allergies
While its rare for puppies to have food allergies, there are some documented cases in pups as young as 6 months old. If you think your puppy may have a food allergy, lamb and rice formulas, such asPurina Puppy Lamb & Rice Formula, would be a good place to start for a novel protein.
If allergies are severe and your vet recommends a hydrolyzed diet, Royal Canin Hydrolyzed Protein does come in a puppy formulation.
WRITTEN BY
Robyn Gallucci, DVMVeterinarian
Dr. Gallucci started her career in veterinary medicine as a kennel assistant in high school and began training as a technician in college....
The 11 Worst Dog Foods
While almost every dog food website is happy to walk you through the best dry dog food recipes or the perfect dog food for your dogs allergies or tastes, very few are willing to point out dog foods that should be avoided.
There are a number of reasons that dog food could be considered one of the worst. The most prominent of these factors include a poor nutritional profile, low-quality ingredients, or consistent history or trend of being unsafe or dangerous.
We are going to walk you through some of these factors and then outline which dog food brands we think you should avoid at all costs.
The Worst Dog Food Ingredients
The question of which ingredients found in dog food are low quality or should be avoided is a contentious subject. Many within the industry will claim that certain ingredients are not to be feared and can offer dogs appropriate nutrition.
But others will push the point that these ingredients are low-cost fillers or the poorest and least nutritious cuts of meat.
Unnamed Meat & Fish Ingredients
Meat and fish ingredients that are not clearly named or defined should be avoided as much as possible.
The reasoning behind this isnt that they can not provide nutrition to dogs but the fact that they are not accountable or transparent.
The manufacturer could alter or change what these ingredients consist of as they please, which could have a negative impact on your dogs health.
Some common examples of unnamed meat or fish ingredients include Meat Meal, Meat By-Products, and Bone Meal.
Vegetable & Grain By-Products
Many of the lower-cost dog food brands utilize an extensive range of poor-quality vegetable and grain by-products.
Examples of these could include Corn Gluten Meal, Wheat Middlings, or Wheat Flour.
Ingredients such as these are processed and are usually extremely dense sources of carbohydrates.
While carbohydrates are an important component of a dogs diet, the excessive proportions provided by these ingredients in some recipes are not well suited to dogs.
There are also vegetable by-products that are extremely dense sources of protein, such as Pea Protein and Potato Protein.
These ingredients are used to boost the overall proportion of protein without spending money on meat or fish ingredients.
Sadly this plant-based protein is not as beneficial for dogs as animal-based protein.
You can learn more about Pea Protein in our article Peas, Pea Protein, Pea Flour, and Pea Fiber in Dog Food.
Poor Dog Food Nutrition
The ideal nutrition for dogs is a hotly debated topic, and there are many ways of thinking. Regardless of these, the AAFCO set out minimum levels of nutrients such as protein and fat that dog food must contain to be sold in the USA.
While these standards set out minimum levels, we and many others do not believe they are sufficient nutrition for most dogs, especially those that are more active or for puppies that are rapidly growing during the first year of their life.
While dogs can consume large proportions of carbohydrates, they are not an ideal component of their diet. Instead, most dogs would be better served with a balance between protein, fat, and carbohydrates.
Most low-cost and poor-quality dog food brands only just surpass the minimum standards set by the AAFCO and then fill the rest of their recipes with poor-quality carbohydrates ingredients.
Unsafe Dog Food
Unsafe dog food should be an even more significant concern than dog food that is poor in ingredient quality or nutrition. Unsafe dog food can lead to your dog feeling unwell or sick or can even cause death in extreme cases.
There are a number of ways dog food can be unsafe. These include the inclusion of foreign material, contamination from pathogens, unsafe nutritional values, or spoilage from improper storage.
Issues like this are often distributed to consumers through recalls. These recalls aim to provide information and to strongly suggest or insist that consumers return/throw out the products described.
Consumers should be very cautious of dog food brands with a consistent history of recalls, especially if they relate to issues such as contamination.
A consistent history of contamination or other serious lapses will suggest improper safety and quality procedures.
For many, this risk is far too great and they are not willing to put their dogs or puppies at risk.
If you want to learn more about a brands recalls, including which recipes were recalled and why we recommend checking out our index of brand reviews, which you can find here.
The 11Worst Dog Foods
Pedigree
Pedigree is a regular feature on the shelves of many pet food and grocery stores in the United States like Walmart and Target.
However, it is also popular worldwide and can be purchased in Canada, the United Kingdom, and several European countries.
The brand is owned by Mars Petcare, which also owns some other pet food brands that you may be familiar with, like Royal Canin, Iams, and Eukanuba.
One of the reasons that Pedigree is considered one of the worst dog food brands is their use of a broad range of poor-quality ingredients such as Animal Fat, Bone Meal, Corn, Wheat, Soy, and Brewers Rice.
While some in the industry may defend the use of grain ingredients like Corn and Wheat, there is widespread condemnation of ingredients like Animal Fat and Bone Meal.
These vague and misleading ingredients are not accountable or transparent, which means we can not have confidence in their nutritional value and quality.
In addition, the nutrition offered by most Pedigree recipes is below average when compared to other dog food brands.
This below-average nutrition is loaded up with extremely high proportions of carbohydrates and only the bare minimum protein and fat content.
Take their Adult Complete Nutrition recipe as an example, with its meager minimum of 21% protein and 10% fat.
By our estimates, that would put the carbohydrate proportion at well over 50% of the recipes nutritional content.
Sadly, Pedigree has a consistent history of recalls for several reasons. Some examples of these recalls include one in 2014 for the presence of foreign objects and another in 2012 for the same reason.
Pedigree has also had recalls in the past due to Salmonella contamination. A consistent history of recalls puts severe doubts on Pedigrees safety and quality processes.
Lastly, if their ingredients, nutrition, and recall record werent enough, Pedigree also receives poor reviews online, such as on Chewy, with many commenting on how the recipes have changed and deteriorated.
If you would like to read more about Pedigree, such as some of the specifics of their recalls or ingredients, head on over to our review of the brand, which you can find here.
Kibbles N Bits
Kibbles N Bits is a dog food brand that has been available since the mid-1980s, and its unique selling point is its mixture between soft, chewy bits and traditional kibble.
The brand is well known in the industry for using low-quality and low-cost ingredients in its recipes at the expense of dogs health and wellbeing.
Examples of some of these low-quality ingredients include Corn, Soybean Meal, Bone Meal, Wheat, and Animal Fat.
As we discussed earlier, ingredients such as these are poor additions to a dogs diet and either act as extremely dense sources of carbohydrates or are unaccountable.
To add to this, the meat ingredients in Kibbles N Bits recipes usually feature as low down as 4th or 5th on the ingredient list.
This is a major red flag and shows that the majority of the formula is made from plant-based ingredients, and there is little meat or fish content.
Thanks to these ingredient choices, their Original Recipe contains a pathetic 19% minimum of protein and 8% minimum of fat. This protein proportion is just 1% above the legally required minimum for adult dog food.
It is also important to point out that Kibbles N Bits has undergone several recalls in the past, and one of these recalls should draw particular attention.
In 2018, Kibbles N Bits was recalled due to low levels of a chemical called Pentobarbital, which can be used to euthanize dogs.
The discovery of Pentobarbital in a dog food recipe is extremely concerning and suggests a lack of oversight and quality control during the production and testing of Kibble N Bits recipes.
This recall was so concerning that it got widespread news coverage from sites like CNN and CBS.
Ol Roy
Ol Roy is a brand of dog food owned by the retail behemoth Walmart. As a result of this, it is only found on the shelves of Walmart stores and cant be purchased from the other large retail sellers of pet food.
While Walmart owns the brand, Ol Roy is manufactured on their behalf by Mars Petcare, which, as we mentioned earlier, owns brands like Pedigree, Iams, and Royal Canin.
Regardless of whether it is their dry dog food recipes or their canned recipes, the ingredients found in Ol Roys dog food recipes are not a welcome sight.
They heavily utilize processed grain ingredients like Corn, Soybean, Wheat Middlings, Corn Gluten Meal, and Wheat.
These ingredients load up their recipes with carbohydrates and plant-based protein, which is not a suitable diet for an active dog. Instead, active dogs need a diet with a suitable proportion of animal or fish-based protein and fat.
We found that their Complete Nutrition recipe contains a minimum of 22.5% protein and 8.5% fat. While this may be marginally higher than others brands discussed here, it is still a poor offering and nothing to be proud of.
Sadly, Ol Roy has had a significant list of recalls during its lifetime, including issues related to fungal toxins, Melamine contamination, and Salmonella contamination. All of the above recall justifications harmed dogs or put them at serious risk.
This persistent history of recalls shows that, at least in the past, OlRoy did not take the safety and quality of its production process seriously enough.
There are many other dog food brands that have operated for similar lengths of time with perfect or near-perfect records and who you should trust to feed your dogs.
Alpo
Purina Alpo is the first brand owned by the pet food giant Purina to feature in this list. Many dog owners will be more familiar with Purina brands such as Purina Pro Plan or others that we will mention later.
It is also worth pointing out that the Purina brand is owned by Nestle, which is far from popular among consumers thanks to decades of controversy related to water, baby formula, and child labor.
The Alpo sub-brand is aimed at the low-cost end of the dog food market, especially low-cost wet dog food, and it shows in its ingredients and nutrition.
One of Alpos dry dog food recipes contains just over 21% protein, with the vast majority of this protein coming from plant-based sources such as Corn and Soybean.
Protein from plant-based sources such as these should not be in the majority and should act as a supplement to a base of animal or fish-based protein.
Alpos only saving grace is that it does have a relatively clean recall record. Based on our research, the brand has only been recalled once in the last 2 decades.
This recall was due to Melamine contamination, which was a widespread recall across the industry and affected many brands, including brands that are trustworthy and credible.
If youd like more information on Purina Alpo, wed recommend you check out our Purina Alpo Brand Review.
Gravy Train
Gravy Train is a longstanding dog food brand that first launched in the late 1950s. It was the first brand to experiment with adding water to its recipes to create its own gravy providing a cheaper alternative to wet dog food, and is still one of a select number of brands to do this.
Once again, Gravy Train makes poor choices in its selection of ingredients, including examples like Soybean Meal, Corn, Meat and Bone Meal, Wheat Middlings, and Animal Digest.
Some of these are the lowest of low when it comes to dog food ingredients, such as Wheat Middlings, which are the leftover by-products of grain processing that have no other purpose.
While manufacturers will try to claim these ingredients can provide valuable nutrition, they are selected only because of their low cost.
Due to this broad selection of poor-quality ingredients, we found that their dry dog food recipe, Beefy Classic, contained a shameful 17% protein and 8% fat, one of the worst levels weve ever seen.
Sadly, in 2018, Gravy Train was part of the same recall as Ol Roy in relation to low levels of a chemical called Pentobarbital that can be used to euthanize dogs.
It is important to repeat that the presence of Pentobarbital in a dog food recipe is extremely concerning and suggests a critical lack of quality and safety control during production.
This lack of quality control seriously puts thousands of dogs across the United States at serious risk.
We recently finished up an overall review of Gravy Train, which discussed their ingredients, recalls, and more. You can find this review here.
Dog Chow
Purina Dog Chow is another Purina brand that is aimed at the low-cost side of the dog food market. Dog Chow has been available since 1965, making it one of the longest-serving Purina brands.
Dog Chow is another regular of grocery stores like Walmart or Target and makes a range of dry dog food, and wet dog food; and also has a puppy equivalent known as Puppy Chow or a cat equivalent known as Cat Chow.
Beyond the cheerful packaging, Dog Chows kibble is stuffed with grain ingredients like Corn, Corn Gluten Meal, and Soybean Meal. These grains make up the bulk of almost all Dog Chow recipes and act as dense sources of carbohydrates.
Most Dog Chow recipes have a very limited amount of named meat ingredients. In one recipe, the bulk of the meat content is made up of Meat and Bone Meal and Poultry By-product Meal.
While these ingredients may provide some nutrition, it is extremely difficult to know if they are reliable and consistent.
Consumers would trust Dog Chow much more if they used named meat ingredients like Chicken or Beef as their primary ingredients.
An example of the nutrition provided by Dog Chow could be from their Complete Adult Real Beef recipe with a minimum of 21% protein and 10% fat.
Purina has a long list of recalls, like many other brands mentioned here. Some examples of these recalls include one in 2013 for Salmonella contamination and another in 2012 for low thiamine levels.
This is disappointing from Purina, which claims that they take their safety and quality processes extremely seriously.
Beneful
Purina Beneful is one of Purinas relatively younger brands, having been introduced to consumers in 2001. The brand has expanded significantly since then and has undergone many revisions and changes.
Many Purina Beneful recipes do not use ingredients that are as low-quality as other brands mentioned here, but this does not exempt them from criticism.
Many Beneful recipes have a meat ingredient listed first, which is a positive trait, but then following this meat ingredient, the recipes have a huge number of plant-based ingredients listed following.
Examples of some of these plant-based ingredients include Corn, Rice, Wheat, Corn Gluten Meal, and Soybean.
These ingredients are the reason that many Beneful recipes have a poor nutritional profile, with some recipes including as much as 50% of their calories from carbohydrates.
Thankfully, Purina Beneful has a relatively short recall record, which is likely thanks to being part of the larger Purina brand.
In 2016, Purina Beneful issued a voluntary recall for some wet dog food tubs. This recall was due to the recipes not containing the recommended levels of select vitamins and minerals.
While recalls like this are not as terrifying as those for contamination, they are still important, as an inappropriate balance of vitamins and minerals can lead to health problems.
Grreat Choice
Grreat Choice is not a well-known brand, but shoppers of PetSmart stores will be familiar with it. It is a PetSmart exclusive brand and can not be found in other pet food stores. Like all the brands listed here, Grreat Choice is aimed at the low-cost dog food segment, and it shows.
Some examples of ingredients used in Grreat Choice dog food include Corn, Meat and Bone Meal, Wheat Middlings, Ground Wheat, Poultry Fat, and Corn Gluten Meal.
Weve already discussed many of these above, but it is important to reinforce that these ingredients are either not accountable or are extremely dense sources of carbohydrates and plant-based protein.
All dogs would be better suited to a diet that contains high-quality meat and fish ingredients and a suitable proportion of plant-based ingredients.
During our research, we found that Grreat Choices dry dog food recipes typically contain a minimum of 21% protein and 9% fat which is equally poor as most other brands mentioned here.
Grreat Choice has a recent recall against it from February 2017, which is related to possible metal contamination.
Recalls for metal contamination often come due to lapses in quality control or when ingredients are sourced from lower-quality sources.
They are very concerning as they can be lethal, often causing damage to a dogs mouth or throat upon digestion.
Kal Kan
Kal Kan is an established pet food brand that has been in operation since 1936. They were acquired by Mars Petcare like many other brands and have been under the conglomerate for many years now.
Kal Kal is an odd brand with just a single adult dry dog food recipe on offer and no other recipes like puppy food or wet dog food recipes.
Despite that, Kal Kan makes use of a similar list of ingredients in its recipes as other brands mentioned here.
Some examples include Corn, Meat and Bone Meal, Soybean Meal, Wheat, Animal Fat, and Wheat Middlings.
This consistent mix of low-quality or vague meat ingredients and extremely dense grains will result in a poor nutritional profile.
Their adult dry dog food recipe contains a minimum of 20% protein and 8% fat which will result in a carbohydrate proportion well into the 50%+ range.
This will not be the ideal diet for any dog, especially those who are more active or younger.
The only positive trait from Kal Kan that we could find is that they are, in fact, recall-free.
With most of the other brands mentioned here having one or many recalls in their recent past, Kal Kan may deserve some credit for their safety and quality control.
However, a good safety record does not excuse or justify poor nutrition or ingredient quality.
Sportmix
Sportmix is a longstanding dog food brand that has been in operation since the 1920s. They are owned by Midwestern Pet Foods, which also owns brands like Earthborn Holistic, which we regularly discuss and think of as a high-quality brand.
Sportmix was originally designed for sporting and working dogs, but sadly the nutrition their recipes provide is not aligned with sporting dogs like these.
Sporting and working dogs require a diet high in protein and fat to fuel their high levels of activity and maintenance.
One Sportmix recipe that we analyzed contained as little as 8% fat and 21% protein, which is far from ideal and is just above the bare minimum requirements.
Sadly, Sportmix has a very recent recall issued against it, which is one of the primary reasons we chose to include the brand in this list of the worst dog food.
In late 2020 and early 2021, up to 110 dogs are reported to have died due to consuming Sportmix dog food, with over 200 more getting sick but surviving.
This recall was due to the presence of Aflatoxin, which is a poison. Aflatoxin is a mold that grows on corn and other grain ingredients that are used in Sportmix recipes.
Due to the scale of this recall and its seriousness, it was featured on news sites like the BBC, NBC, and The NY Times.
Luvsome
Luvsome is a pet food brand owned and sold by the grocery store Kroger. Kroger is a huge brand that has thousands of locations across the United States.
We couldnt find any definitive information on when Kroger started selling Luvsome, but it has been quite some time now.
Luvsome is one of the few brands mentioned here to use whole meat and ingredients, including examples like Chicken and Beef.
Sadly, Luvsome is let down by its plant-based ingredients, which include Corn, Wheat, Brewers Rice, Corn Gluten Meal, and Soybean Meal.
These ingredients are not an ideal component of dogs diet and contribute to high proportions of carbohydrates and plant-based protein.
Based on our research, we do not believe that Luvsome dog food recipes have ever been recalled, which is worth pointing out.
If youd like to learn more about Luvsome, including information on its ingredients, nutrition, and product range, check out our Luvsome Brand Review Page.
Our Dog Food Recommendations
Now that youve learned about some of the worst dog food brands and recipes available, wed like to introduce you to some of the best.
First, if you are interested in learning more about dog food and canine nutrition, we highly recommend checking out our Dog Food Guide.
Here we break down the different types of dog food available, what nutrition dogs need and why, and what ingredients are commonly found in dog food.
Secondly, if you are interested in discovering some of the best dry dog food recipes available, wed recommend reading the below article on dry dog food.
Lastly, if you are interested in researching and understanding more about specific dog food brands that arent mentioned here or in our best dry dog food guide, head on over to our brand review page, which you can find here.
To date, we have reviewed hundreds of pet food brands and are slowly building up and improving our index of information.
